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Dilute (diluted with water) sulfuric
acid, or Electrolyte as it is commonly
referred to in the battery industry, is in the “strong acid” category, and
a good electrolyte. It is highly ionized, much of the heat released in
dilution coming from hydration of the hydrogen ions. The dilute acid has
most of the properties of common strong acids. It turns blue litmus red. It
reacts with many metals (e.g., with zinc), releasing hydrogen gas (H2)
and forming the sulfate of the metal. It reacts with most hydroxides and
oxides, with some carbonates and sulfides. Since it is dibasic (i.e., it
has two replaceable hydrogen atoms in each molecule), it forms both normal
sulfates (with both hydrogens replaced, e.g., sodium sulfate, Na2SO4
and acid sulfates, also called bisulfates or hydrogen sulfates (with only
one hydrogen replaced, e.g., sodium bisulfate, NaHSO4).
The electrolyte used in industrial batteries
is typically 1.285 specific
gravity (spgr).
Related battery topics:
Cell
Electrochemistry
Plates
Sulfuric
Acid
Specific
Gravity
Water
Levels
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